“ 目录：RHCA+ -> 6 软件仓库 -> 36 yum命令（查询、安装、升级和卸载软件包） ”

安装软件包；语法格式：yum [参数] 动作 软件包名

命令中支持使用通配符

1、查询

[root@wuzuniao ~]# yum repolist #查看软件仓库列表

Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

repo id repo name status

epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,791

pmm2-client-release-x86_64/7Server PMM2 Client release/x86_64 YUM repository 43

prel-release-noarch/7Server Percona Release release/noarch YUM repository 8

telemetry-release-x86_64/7Server Percona Telemetry release/x86_64 YUM repository 0

wuzuniao wuzuniao 4,305

repolist: 18,147

[root@wuzuniao ~]# yum list #查询所有已安装和可安装的软件包

Loaded plugins: langpacks

Installed Packages

GConf2.x86_64 3.2.6-8.el7 @anaconda/7.0

ModemManager.x86_64 1.1.0-6.git20130913.el7 @anaconda/7.0

ModemManager-glib.x86_64 1.1.0-6.git20130913.el7 @anaconda/7.0

#软件名 版本 所在位置（光盘）

[root@wuzuniao ~]# yum list ibus #查看具体的软件包安装情况；输入中文需要的软件包

Loaded plugins: langpacks

Installed Packages

ibus.x86_64 1.5.3-11.el7 @anaconda/7.0

Available Packages

ibus.i686 1.5.3-11.el7 wuzuniao

[root@wuzuniao ~]# yum search samba #查找与关键字相关的所有软件包

Loaded plugins: langpacks

=============================== N/S matched: samba ===============================

samba-client.x86_64 : Samba client programs

samba-common.x86_64 : Files used by both Samba servers and clients

samba-libs.i686 : Samba libraries

samba-libs.x86_64 : Samba libraries

samba-python.x86_64 : Samba Python libraries

samba-winbind.x86_64 : Samba winbind

samba-winbind-modules.i686 : Samba winbind modules

samba-winbind-modules.x86_64 : Samba winbind modules

samba.x86_64 : Server and Client software to interoperate with Windows machines

Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

[root@wuzuniao ~]# yum info samba #查询软件包的详细信息

Loaded plugins: langpacks

Available Packages #没有安装

Name : samba #包名

Arch : x86_64 #硬件平台

Version : 4.1.1 #版本

Release : 31.el7 #发布版本

Size : 527 k #大小

Repo : wuzuniao #在光盘上，yum源名字

Summary : Server and Client software to interoperate with Windows machines

URL : http://www.samba.org/

License : GPLv3+ and LGPLv3+

Description : Samba is the standard Windows interoperability suite of programs for

: Linux and Unix.

[root@wuzuniao ~]# yum provides "*/librabbitmq.so.4" #缺少某个库的依赖时，可以查询下它在哪个包里面

Last metadata expiration check: 0:12:56 ago on Tue 15 Apr 2025 10:06:09 PM CST.

librabbitmq-0.11.0-7.el9.x86_64 : Client library for AMQP

Repo : appstream

Matched from:

Filename : /usr/lib64/librabbitmq.so.4

[root@wuzuniao ~]# yum provides "iostat" #查看指定命令属于哪个包

Updating Subscription Management repositories.

Unable to read consumer identity

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

上次元数据过期检查：1:09:21 前，执行于 2025年06月28日 星期六 22时10分51秒。

sysstat-11.7.3-2.el8.x86_64 : Collection of performance monitoring tools for Linux

仓库 ：AppStream

匹配来源：

文件名 ：/usr/bin/iostat

[root@wuzuniao ~]#

2、安装

语法格式：yum -y install 包名

[root@wuzuniao ~]# yum install -y xterm #安装后出现“Complete!”则代表配置正确（rhcl8可使用dnf）

Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package xterm.x86_64 0:295-3.el7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: libXaw.so.7()(64bit) for package: xterm-295-3.el7.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package libXaw.x86_64 0:1.0.11-6.1.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===================================================================================

Installing:

xterm x86_64 295-3.el7 wuzuniao 455 k

Installing for dependencies:

libXaw x86_64 1.0.11-6.1.el7 wuzuniao 189 k

Transaction Summary

===================================================================================

Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)

Total download size: 644 k

Installed size: 1.7 M

Downloading packages:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 6.1 MB/s | 644 kB 00:00

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : libXaw-1.0.11-6.1.el7.x86_64 1/2

Installing : xterm-295-3.el7.x86_64 2/2

Verifying : libXaw-1.0.11-6.1.el7.x86_64 1/2

Verifying : xterm-295-3.el7.x86_64 2/2

Installed:

xterm.x86_64 0:295-3.el7

Dependency Installed:

libXaw.x86_64 0:1.0.11-6.1.el7

Complete!

[root@wuzuniao ~]#

3、升级

yum源服务器中软件包版本要比本机安装的软件包版本高

[root@wuzuniao ~]# yum -y update xterm #升级软件包

Loaded plugins: langpacks

wuzuniao | 4.1 kB 00:00:00

No packages marked for update

[root@wuzuniao ~]#

4、卸载

会同时卸载所有与该包有依赖关系的其他软件包，即便依赖包是系统运行必备文件，也会卸载；可能会让系统崩溃

确认卸载的包和它的依赖包不被系统需要后才能用，否则不建议

[root@wuzuniao ~]# yum remove xterm #卸载xterm软件包

Loaded plugins: langpacks

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package xterm.x86_64 0:295-3.el7 will be erased

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size

==================================================================================

Removing:

xterm x86_64 295-3.el7 @wuzuniao 1.2 M

Transaction Summary

==================================================================================

Remove 1 Package

Installed size: 1.2 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y #同意

Downloading packages:

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Erasing : xterm-295-3.el7.x86_64 1/1

Verifying : xterm-295-3.el7.x86_64 1/1

Removed:

xterm.x86_64 0:295-3.el7

Complete!

[root@wuzuniao ~]#

5、只下载软件包

适用于外网下载yum仓库里的包，并且会自动下载相关依赖包，自己再拷贝到内网去安装，极大减少安装复杂度

[root@wuzuniao ~]# yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root httpd #只下载httpd相关软件包，并保存到/root目录；如果安装过，install替换为reinstall即可下载

Updating Subscription Management repositories.

Unable to read consumer identity

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

上次元数据过期检查：0:28:12 前，执行于 2024年04月27日 星期六 18时22分16秒。

依赖关系解决。

================================================================================

软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小

================================================================================

Installing:

httpd x86_64 2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e AppStream 1.4 M

安装依赖关系:

apr x86_64 1.6.3-9.el8 AppStream 125 k

apr-util x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 AppStream 105 k

httpd-filesystem noarch 2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e AppStream 34 k

httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e AppStream 101 k

mod_http2 x86_64 1.11.3-1.module+el8+2443+605475b7 AppStream 156 k

redhat-logos-httpd noarch 80.7-1.el8 BaseOS 25 k

安装弱的依赖:

apr-util-bdb x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 AppStream 25 k

apr-util-openssl x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 AppStream 27 k

Enabling module streams:

httpd 2.4

事务概要

================================================================================

安装 9 软件包

总计：2.0 M

安装大小：5.4 M

DNF 只会下载事务所需的软件包。

确定吗？[y/N]： y #确认下载

下载软件包：

完毕！

[root@wuzuniao ~]# ls #验证

apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64.rpm

apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64.rpm

apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64.rpm

apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64.rpm

httpd-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.x86_64.rpm

httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.noarch.rpm

httpd-tools-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.x86_64.rpm

mod_http2-1.11.3-1.module+el8+2443+605475b7.x86_64.rpm

redhat-logos-httpd-80.7-1.el8.noarch.rpm

[root@wuzuniao ~]# yum install squid #下载squid及其依赖包

Loaded plugins: langpacks, priorities, product-id, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package squid.x86_64 7:3.3.8-12.el7_0 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: perl(Digest::MD5) for package: 7:squid-3.3.8-12.el7_0.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libecap.so.2()(64bit) for package: 7:squid-3.3.8-12.el7_0.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package libecap.x86_64 0:0.2.0-8.el7 will be installed

---> Package perl-Digest-MD5.x86_64 0:2.52-3.el7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: perl(Digest::base) >= 1.00 for package: perl-Digest-MD5-2.52-3.el7.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package perl-Digest.noarch 0:1.17-245.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===============================================================================================================================================================================================================

Installing:

squid x86_64 7:3.3.8-12.el7_0 wuzuniao 2.6 M

Installing for dependencies:

libecap x86_64 0.2.0-8.el7 wuzuniao 20 k

perl-Digest noarch 1.17-245.el7 wuzuniao 23 k

perl-Digest-MD5 x86_64 2.52-3.el7 wuzuniao 30 k

Transaction Summary

===============================================================================================================================================================================================================

Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 2.6 M

Installed size: 8.7 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]: d #这里直接选择下载

Background downloading packages, then exiting:

(1/4): libecap-0.2.0-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 20 kB 00:00:00

(2/4): perl-Digest-1.17-245.el7.noarch.rpm | 23 kB 00:00:00

(3/4): perl-Digest-MD5-2.52-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 30 kB 00:00:00

(4/4): squid-3.3.8-12.el7_0.x86_64.rpm | 2.6 MB 00:00:00

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 29 MB/s | 2.6 MB 00:00:00

exiting because "Download Only" specified

[root@wuzuniao ~]# find / -name libecap-0.2.0-8.el7.x86_64.rpm #找其中一个软件包的保存位置

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7Server/wuzuniao/packages/libecap-0.2.0-8.el7.x86_64.rpm

/media/cdrom/Packages/libecap-0.2.0-8.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@wuzuniao ~]# ll /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7Server/wuzuniao/packages/ #查看对应目录下所有软件包，可以看到squid及其依赖已经被下载

total 2728

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 20400 Apr 2 2014 libecap-0.2.0-8.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 23436 Apr 3 2014 perl-Digest-1.17-245.el7.noarch.rpm

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 30520 Apr 3 2014 perl-Digest-MD5-2.52-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2695660 Sep 3 2014 squid-3.3.8-12.el7_0.x86_64.rpm

[root@wuzuniao ~]#